The one-month ban will be lifted in mid-September.
Before the restrictions, up to 40% of goods Venezuela subsidises for its domestic market were being smuggled into Colombia, the authorities said.
The goods were being sold illegally in Colombia at much higher prices.
The decision to close the border every night between 22:00 (02:30 GMT) and 05:00 (09:30 GMT) was agreed with Colombia.
Colombian police and troops have been cooperating with the operation
More than 20,000 litres of fuel have been seized from alleged smugglers in the past eight days, the Venezuelan authorities said.Venezuela, a major oil producer, has the cheapest petrol prices in the world. It costs less than $1 (£0.60) to fill a medium car's tank.
"The amount of staples smuggled to Colombia would be enough to load the shelves of our supermarkets," Gen Efrain Velasco Lugo, a military spokesman, told El Universal newspaper.
"Those mafias are making a final, desperate attempt to get hold of them. But we are fighting them and vigorously tackling smuggling in the region."
The protests quickly spread to the rest of Venezuela, which faces similar problems.
The opposition blames what it says are the failed left-wing policies of the past 15 years - initiated by late President Hugo Chavez - for the country's economic crisis.
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